This is a translation of some parts of Chapter 11 in  I Want to be a Mathematician  (1985)‎, ‎by Paul R‎. ‎Halmos.

This research delves into the influence of shot peening on the mechanical behavior of three-dimensional metal-polymer-metal composites when subjected to high-velocity impacts. The primary objective was to assess how the compressive residual stresses induced by shot peening contribute to enhancing the mechanical resistance, increasing the ballistic limit, reducing crack propagation rates, and augmenting energy absorption capabilities of these composites. We prepared specimens with varying nanoclay content (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) and tested them in two distinct states: shot-peened and unpeened. High-velocity impact tests were executed using a helium gas gun at a consistent impact velocity of 235 meters per second. The results unequivocally demonstrated that shot peening significantly reduced the impact crater diameter, enhanced surface toughness, and mitigated the growth rate of radial cracks. Notably, the 5% nanoclay specimens that underwent shot peening exhibited the most superior performance, recording the smallest impact locus diameter, the highest ballistic limit, and the maximum absorbed energy. Conversely, increasing the nanoclay content to 7% in unpeened specimens led to stress concentration, a reduction in surface toughness, and an accelerated radial crack growth rate. Analysis of the fracture mechanisms revealed that unpeened specimens displayed extensive and irregular radial cracks. In contrast, the shot-peened specimens exhibited shorter and more densified crack networks. Consequently, we propose that shot peening, when combined with a 5% nanoclay concentration, serves as an effective strategy for improving the impact resistance of multi-layered composites against high-velocity projectile threats

Introduction: Extensive development of written interactions in the current world of technology in one hand, and noticeable dominance of English language in this milieu on the other hand, has led to inadequate utilization of Farsi language even amongst native speakers. Lack of experimental data regarding legibility and readability of printed and electronic font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">texts related to this language has been the main theory behind the current research, which was designed to evaluate correlations between typography and reading performance.Materials and Methods: Eighty-four Persian speaking university students, without any specific visual impairments participated in the study. Frequently used Farsi fonts, edited in equal pixel areas and sizes, were evaluated through legibility and readability tests. Word detection and word search techniques were considered for each test. All trails were designed within similar visual interaction conditions to avoid any background biases.Results: Statistical analyses revealed correlations between typography and readying performance in Farsi (compared to English). Amongst six frequently used fonts studied, legibility was significantly higher in Yekan (t(83)=-2.649, p=0.012). Likewise, readability was significantly smoother in Zar font (t(83)=-2.194, p=0.037).Conclusion: The current approach towards classification of Persian fonts confirms the outcomes of the present study. Fonts frequently used for development of body of the font-style:inherit;color:rgb(255,0,120);">texts usually have higher legibility, and types used for presentation purposes mainly possess higher readability.

Purpose: According to Sutherland's definition, white-collar crime is a crime that is committed by "respected and high-ranking" people. Studies clearly show that women are under-represented in official statistics related to certain types of organizational white-collar crime. Despite this, what exactly causes such a pattern is worthy of reflection and interpretation. This article aims to analyze the role of gender in committing white collar crimes in Iran and Norway. Method: The research method used in this article is a mixed (combined) exploratory research method with meta-composite and Delphi approaches. Library method was used to collect data. The study population of the research includes all the articles related to the research topic. In order to carry out the research, after designing the research questions, a systematic search was conducted based on relevant keywords from the Google scholar, Scopus, SID, IRANDOC, etc. databases between 1390 and early 1402. Findings: The findings show that the number of initially extracted codes were 538 codes, which were converted into 241 codes in the next stage and 38 sub-codes in the secondary (central) coding stage, which were converted into 6 codes in the selective coding stage. became the main Conclusion: The results of this research indicate that 6 main categories or themes were extracted for white collar crimes, which are: 1. individual dimension with twelve components; 2. social dimension with four components; 3. economic dimension with two components; 4. organizational dimension with eight components; 5. Political dimension with three components and 6. Laws and regulations dimension with three components

Background and Objective: Medication errors are recognized as a serious threat to patient safety that can lead to adverse health outcomes and increased healthcare costs. This study evaluated the impact of font size, font type, and correlated color temperature (CCT) on the readability of printed medication prescriptions. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted at an education hospital with the participation of 30 nurses. Four levels of correlated color temperature (CCT) (2885, 4003, 6132, and 9973 K) at a constant illuminance of 150 lx, along with three font types (Tahoma, Zar, and Yekan) in three different sizes (9, 11, and 13 pt) were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using linear mixed models (LMM). Results: The results revealed that CCT has a significant effect on readability. The highest error rate was observed at 2885 K, significantly greater than 6132 K (P = 0.004) and 9973 K (P = 0.002). Font size also had a significant impact, with font size 9 pt producing more errors than sizes 11 and 13. No significant effect was observed for font type. Subjectively, except for irritability, other variables, including adequacy of amount and color of illumination, light distribution, pleasantness, performance, and sleepiness, did not exhibit significant differences among the various lighting conditions. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of optimizing lighting conditions and typographic characteristics in reducing readability errors in medication prescriptions. However, further studies are necessary to determine the optimal lighting parameters and their interaction with typographic variables.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between big accounting data on legal accounting practice and education. Methodology: The statistical population includes students and graduates of accounting graduate studies in the country, who were selected using simple random sampling. The current research is based on the purpose of applied research, which was conducted by obtaining the opinion of 182 sample people in 2023. Also, in terms of its nature and method, it is considered a type of descriptive-correlational research. In the inferential statistics section, structural equation model and path analysis technique using SmartPLS were used to check the correctness of hypotheses and relationships between research variables. Findings: The findings of the research show that there is a significant relationship between big accounting data on legal accounting practice and education. Originality: This research has been done in line with the previous study to develop and expand knowledge in the fields related to the application and training of legal and forensic accounting using big accounting data.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of managerial ability on the relationship between credit risk and liquidity risk on the probability of bank default. Methodology: The required data were collected from 10 banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 12 years from 2011 to 2022, and the data were analyzed using econometric techniques and multivariate regression. Findings: The findings of the study showed that both credit risk and liquidity risk have a positive and significant effect on the probability of bank default. It was also found that managerial ability reduces the positive effect of liquidity risk on the probability of bank default, but it has no effect on the relationship between credit risk and the probability of bank default. Originality: Banks are very important in the economic growth and development of countries, hence the evaluation and understanding of the factors affecting the probability of bank default has become a topic of interest in academic research. The result of the research can be effective for preventing the possibility of bank default.

Background and Objective: Waste management program is carried out in urban areas in order to prevent the effects and risks of environment and health on public health. The purpose of this study is to select a landfill in the new city of Hashtgerd according to the criteria defined by the Environmental Protection Organization and the Management and Planning Organization. Material and Methodology: Based on these criteria, environmental parameters were studied and the maps were prepared by the geographic information system in the study area. AHP method was used to weight the environmental layers and these weights were defined for each environmental layer separately in the GIS and all weighted layers were combined using GIS. Findings: The results of the GIS identified 3 areas suitable for the construction of landfills. In order to prioritize the 3 options obtained, a multi-criteria decision model was used to create the burial site, and among the methods defined in the MCDM model, the TOPSIS method was selected to prioritize the options. TOPSIS method calculations were performed using TOPSIS SOLVER software. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this software show that option 2 is the best option for constructing a landfill at the study area. One of the most important solutions in the location process is the use of remote sensing and the use of international standards.

Objective: Technological advancement enables companies to enhance competitiveness and meet evolving customer needs (Calatayud et al., 2018; Pratono, 2024). Sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) arises when competitors cannot easily imitate a firm’s strategies (Battour et al., 2021). Responsible innovation (RI) supports SCA by fostering information sharing, social responsibility, and innovation that limits imitation (Johannessen & Olsen, 2009). At the same time, digital content marketing (DCM) has become vital for building SCA, as it helps attract and retain customers through engaging online content. However, the mediating role of RI in the DCM–SCA relationship remains underexplored, representing a key research gap addressed in this study.Method: A standard questionnaire with 36 items on a five-point Likert scale was used to collect data. The study was conducted in Tehran during the autumn and winter of 2024–2025 among tourism industry professionals. From a population of 2,800 individuals, a sample of 338 was selected based on the Krejcie–Morgan table. The questionnaire’s validity was confirmed by experts, and its reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha: digital content marketing (0.85), responsible innovation (0.96), competitive advantage (0.78), and overall (0.86), indicating good internal consistency.Findings: A standard questionnaire was used to collect the data. The instrument comprised 36 items on a five-point Likert scale. The study was conducted in the autumn and winter of 1403 (2024–2025) in Tehran, Iran. The statistical population consisted of tourism industry professionals (N = 2,800), from which a sample of 338 respondents was selected using the Krejcie–Morgan sample size table. Face validity was assessed by a panel of subject-matter experts. Reliability was evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha (SPSS): digital content marketing (α = 0.85), responsible innovation (α = 0.96), and competitive advantage (α = 0.78); the overall alpha for all items was α = 0.86. Given that values closer to 1.00 indicate higher internal consistency, these coefficients demonstrate good reliability for the questionnaire.Conclusion: This study examines the impact of digital content marketing (DCM) on sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) in tourism and the mediating role of responsible innovation (RI) using a structural equation model. Results show that DCM, through content information, entertainment, social interaction, and self-expression, significantly influences SCA (β = 0.375, T = 2.123) and RI (β = 0.631, T = 4.564). DCM enhances customer engagement, brand awareness, and the analysis of customer behavior, helping attract and retain customers and strengthen competitive advantage.